Ecological Risk Assessment of Abandoned Shrimp Ponds in Southern Thailand

The potential ecological risks associated with contaminants from 15 abandoned shrimp ponds in southern Thailand were assessed at the screening level. Shrimp ponds reported as out of production for more than 2 years were selected as sampling sites. The assessment endpoint was identified as the protection of aquatic life from hazard of multiple agents or stressors in water or sediment from the ponds. The measurement endpoints were amount of toxic phytoplankton species, Yellow Head Viruses, SEMB viruses, oxytetracycline, cadmium, copper, and manganese. Data from field measurements and laboratory analyses obtained primarily from April to June 2003 were used in the risk analysis. The results showed that insignificant amounts of stressors were present, except for the metals. So, only concentration values of the metals were used in the calculation of hazard quotients (HQ) for risk characterization. The highest potential ecological risk characterized by the highest HQ value observed for each metal was 19 for manganese, 4.3 for cadmium, and 1.8 for copper. These findings indicated a need for further ecological risk assessment at a more detailed level to focus on the bioavailability and effects of metals from abandoned shrimp farms, with manganese the highest priority.     

精品意识在教学过程中的实施

以教师、课程与教材、课堂、科研等要素为出发点,提出了精品意识在教学过程中的实施方法。     

中美高等环境类专业课程结构和教学实施比较研究

以美国５所大学为代表，调查和分析了其环境类专业的课程结构和教学实施的基本状况，并与我国进行了比较研究．研究表明课程结构和教学实施存在明显差别，其主要表现在以下９个方面：本科生专业培养目标；素质教育课程的设置；课程体系结构和学分制；培养解决环境问题能力的课程设置；及时反映新观点和新理论的课程；人文科学和社会科学类课程设置；环境政策课程；资源课程和专业教学方式．比较研究认为，上述９个方面可作为我国修订环境类本科生专业基本培养规格和基本教学要求的借鉴．同时还提供某些具有参考价值的课程设置实例．     

Auditing non-hazardous wastes from golf course operations: moving from a waste to a sustainability framework

This paper provides non-hazardous solid waste audit procedures and bench mark audit data for golf courses (GCs). The paper also demonstrates the narrow scope of solid waste audit data, and the need to move towards a broader auditing scope such as that contained in sustainability auditing frameworks. A case study of Clear Lake Golf Course, located in southwestern Manitoba, Canada was completed. Annual waste generation rates at the GC were estimated to be 46.2 tonnes/year with 83% of this material compostable. Grass clipping material generated from the putting greens accounted for 79% of the waste stream. The GC achieved a solid waste diversion rate of 81% (waste generated not destined for landfill per total waste material generated). A future, realistic target of 97% diversion was also identified. The 7 day audit period was found to be unsuitable for estimating grass clipping generation rates. Implementation of a broader sustainability framework for future audits will harmonize many existing management functions such as solid waste auditing, waste characterizations, pollution prevention, green procurement, customer satisfaction, and the efficiency of the operations.     

Water quality characteristics along the course of the Huangpu River （China）

Huangpu River is about 114.5 km from upriver Dianfeng to downriver Wusong,near the estuary of the Yangtze River.It plays a key role in supplying water for production,life,shipment and irrigation.With the industrial development,the pollution of the Huangpu River has become serious recently.The biological oxygen demand (BOD),total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP),oil,phenol and suspended solids (SS) were lower in the upstream sites than in the downstream sites,indicating pollutants being input along its course. Water quality was the worst in the Yangpu site,near the center of Shanghai City.Dissolved oxygen (DO) content was less than 2 mg/L in the site of Yangpu in July.Among relations between thirteen characteristics,relations between BOD,DO,TN,TP,NH_4~ -N, NO_3~--N and the count of total bacteria or Escherichia coli were significant and interdependent.Inner relationships between these main characteristics in the Huangpu River were studied.High nutrient concentration led to growth of microorganisms,including E.coli. Degradation of organic matters and respiration of bacteria made oxygen concentration decreased in the water body,and DO was a key factor for nitrification-denitrification process of nitrogen.In the Yangpu site,DO was decreased to less than 3.0 mg/L with BOD higher than 7.5 mg/L in May and July.Low DO concentration will decrease nitrification rate.Nitrification need at higher DO value than other organic substrate oxidation.Consequently,river water contains low NO_3~--N values with high amounts of TN and NH_4~ -N there.This will block the self-purification of surface water,by decreasing the rate of nitrification-denitrification transformation process in the water body.     

Cladocerans under conditions of small river damming by man and beavers

In beaver ponds, the species diversity, abundance, biomass, and production of cladocerans and the amount of food consumed by them have increased and the composition of dominant species has changed as compared to those in the stretches of small rivers with running water or dammed by man. The stimulating effect of water from a beaver pond has been confirmed in laboratory experiments. The average number of juvenile Ceriodaphnia affinis produced by one female was considerably greater in this water than in the water from flowing and dammed (by man) river stretches.     

新建本科院校安全工程专业数学课程教学改革探讨

以提高安全工程专业人才的综合素质为目标,充分体现学院"突出安全特色"的办学思想,提出对重要公共基础课之一的数学课程进行教学改革的模式。在课程设置上,不断探索安全工程专业数学课程的恰当设置,体现专业性,其内容突出一个"用"字;在教学方法上,充分考虑安全工程专业学生的特点,采用现代化的教学手段和先进的教学方法,从而调动学生学习积极性,发挥其教学主体作用。在考试内容和考核方式方面,需不断创新,考查方式灵活多样,注重对学生解决实际问题能力的考核;加强师资队伍建设,为教学改革提供必要保证。笔者提出的学院安全工程专业数学课程教学改革的新思路和具体做法,可为其他高校尤其是新建本科院校提供有益的参考。     

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR HYDRAULIC DESTRATIFICATION SYSTEMS IN SMALL PONDS,LAKES, OR RESERVOIRS FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT1

ABSTRACT: Forced artificial mixing of temperature-stratified ponds, or small lakes or reservoirs, by liquid jets can enhance water quality and can also be energy efficient. Based on previous studies of jet mixing mechanics of stratified water bodies, a conceptual design approach is presented. The main “operational” and “system” design parameters are considered in the proposed method. Using minimization of a total cost estimate as a criterion, an iterative method for the selection of the number and size of the jets is developed and illustrated.     

泗阳县黄河故道滩区综合开发模式研究和实践

1989年以来,泗阳县运用系统工程的方法,对黄河故道滩区洪涝沙碱旱的综合治理和滩区三荒资源的综合开发利用进行了研究和实践,创立了黄河故道滩区综合开发模式,缩短了开发周期,提高了开发效益,为黄淮流域季节性沙土河道滩区的治理开发树立了一个典范。本文将扼要介绍模式的提出、建立和实施效果。